Cerium oxide is a widely utilized material in numerous applications. Its remarkable chemical and physical properties provide to its versatility. For instance, cerium oxide is frequently used in catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions from vehicles. Additionally, it finds application in the production of polishing compounds due to its high

Nanoparticles demonstrate unique optical properties that have sparked considerable interest in their application for diverse technological fields. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a particular class of nanomaterials, exhibit the remarkable ability to convert near-infrared radiation into visible light. This phenomenon has presented vast possibili